Anime, also known as Japanimation, encompasses hand-drawn and computer-generated animations originating from Japan. The term "anime" is derived from the English word "animation," but in Japan, it broadly refers to all forms of animated media. Outside Japan, "anime" specifically denotes animation produced in Japan or a Japanese-influenced style characterized by vibrant graphics, lively characters, and fantastical themes. This expansive understanding allows for the possibility that anime created outside Japan may also be categorized under this term. The history of Japanese animation dates back to 1917, with significant stylistic developments emerging in the 1960s through the influential works of Osamu Tezuka. These styles gained popularity domestically and internationally throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Anime can be experienced through various distribution channels, including theatrical screenings, television broadcasts, home media, and online streaming. Many anime are original creations, while others are adaptations of manga (Japanese comics), light novels, or video games. Over time, animation techniques and production methods have evolved in response to advancing technologies. As a multimedia art form, anime combines graphic art, storytelling, cinematography, and other creative techniques. Unlike traditional animation that emphasizes fluid movement, anime often prioritizes detailed settings and employs camera effects such as panning, zooming, and dynamic angles to enhance storytelling. The art styles are diverse, with character designs ranging from exaggerated features, such as large, expressive eyes, to more realistic proportions. Anime spans numerous genres, catering to both broad audiences and niche interests. In the United States, terms like "wapanese"—referring to white individuals who wish to be Japanese—and "weeaboo," describing fans with a deep fascination for Japanese anime and culture, have emerged to characterize certain segments of anime enthusiasts.
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